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Tallying up exactly how many people ride trains in the greater Tokyo region is difficult due to the proliferation of independent railways, but it’s safe to say that the number rivals the total population of many mid-sized megacities.

 

 

主語 Tallying up exactly how many people ride trains in the greater Tokyo region

 

謂語 is

 

賓語 difficult

 

 

單詞

 

rival

 

音標

 

[?ra?vl]

 

中文詞意

 

n. 對手；競爭者vt. 與…競爭；

 

 

這句話算是并列句，"but"前的第一句是一個主系表句型，主語是動名詞結構"Tallying up"來做的，后面引出了一個賓語從句---"how many people ride trains in the greater Tokyo region"，賓語從句主語"how many people"，謂語"ride"，賓語"trains"，"in the greater Tokyo region"是地點狀語。主句的系詞"is"，表語"difficult"，可將"due to..."看成原因狀語，"to"為介詞，后面接名詞"proliferation"，"of independent railways"是其的修飾成分；"but"后的第二部分也是個主系表結構，"it"作為形式主語，系詞"is"，真正主語是不定式"to say that"，當然"that"后面還有賓語從句，賓語從句主語"the number"，謂語"rivals"，賓語"the total population"，"of many mid-sized megacities"是賓語的修飾結構。如果把語序變為常規模式，就是"To say that the number rivals the total population of many mid-sized megacities is safe"

 

 

由于獨立經營鐵路的擴張，難以準確統計出在大東京地區有多少人乘火車，但可以肯定地說這一數目與許多中等規模的超大型城市的總人口不相上下。

 

 

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